Medication evidence profile
Epinastine
Clinical overview
Epinastine has public medication-list entries in JARS 2025, Yamada-ABS 2023, and KABS 2020 open validation supplement. These are 3 separate source versions, each with its own evidence and definitions.
Source-specific scores
| Source | Score |
|---|---|
| JARS | 1 |
| Yamada-ABS | 1 |
| BAAS | Not listed |
| Swe-ABS | Not listed |
| GABS | Not listed |
| KABS | 0 |
| CALS | Not listed |
How to read this: 0 means the source explicitly assigned zero. “Not listed” means the source did not provide a score for this medication. Scores from different scales are not averaged.
How to interpret the evidence
3 of 7 public source versions contain an explicit medication-list entry for epinastine.
The recorded values differ across the source rows for epinastine. Scale methods, definitions, source eras, evidence types and identity handling can differ; the numbers alone do not establish the reason for this medication’s disagreement.
KABS 2020 open validation supplement explicitly records zero. Those recorded zeros remain different from a missing entry.
Source labels and provenance · 3 observations
- Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale (JARS) 2025 English translation
Source label: Epinastine. Published value: 1.
Source version: JARS-2025
Source location: RC4 source recovery; recovery_scope=primary_table_complete; ATC=R06AX24
Observation: JARS_2025_R0140; rating state: published_rating. - Yamada Pharmacological Anticholinergic Burden Scale 2023
Source label: Epinastine. Published value: 1.
Source version: YAMADA-ABS-2023
Source location: RC4 source recovery; recovery_scope=primary_nonzero_complete
Observation: YAMADA_ABS_2023_R0009; rating state: published_rating. - KABS 2019 scale - 2020 open validation supplement
Source label: Epinastine. Published value: 0.
Source version: KABS-2020-validation-supplement
Source location: Additional file 1; category Antihistamines; table row 21
Observation: KABS2020_SUPP_0068; rating state: published_zero.
What this page does not establish
- No medication-list entry is available here from BAAS 2019, Swe-ABS 2023, GABS 2018, and CALS 2022 Table 4. These gaps remain “Not listed”; no score is inferred from another source or from class membership.
- No route inference unless present in the source label.
- These source records do not estimate an individual’s probability of harm or establish whether to start, stop or change a medication. Ordinal source scores are not averaged into a UnifiedACB score.
References
- Mizokami F, Mizuno T, Taguchi R, et al. Development of the Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale: English translation of the Japanese article. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2025;25(1):5-13. doi:10.1111/ggi.15001. Open source
- Yamada S, Mochizuki M, Chimoto J, Futokoro R, Kagota S, Shinozuka K. Development of a pharmacological evidence-based anticholinergic burden scale for medications commonly used in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2023;23(7):558-564. doi:10.1111/ggi.14619. Open source
- Suh Y, Ah YM, Han E, et al. Dose response relationship of cumulative anticholinergic exposure with incident dementia: validation study of Korean anticholinergic burden scale. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):265. doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01671-z. Open source
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